Essay on Smoking Risks - 1748 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the most popular habits in today’s society is smoking. Yet each year, cigarette smoking kills more Americans than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, homicides, suicides, illegal drugs and fires combined. Smoking is an extremely bad pastime, practiced for centuries, for an individual’s health and those surrounding him/her. People start for many different reasons and get addicted to the nicotine in cigarettes. Smoking cause many fatal diseases, but help is available to those who seek it. Cigarette smoking is a disgusting and unhealthy habit. History of Smoking nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Smoking is defined as the action of inhaling tobacco from a pipe, cigar or cigarette. It has been practiced for 100’s of†¦show more content†¦In recent years it has been proven that the only thing smoking does is threaten a person’s life. There are many hazardous ingredients in cigarette tobacco. Some of the ingredients are poisonous and addictive. Cigarette smoke produces thousands of chemicals that are hazardous to a smoker’s health. There are over 4000 chemicals produced by a burning cigarette. At least 200 chemicals are known to be poisonous to people health. Filters help to block and reduce some of the chemicals, but they will not stop them completely. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nicotine is the most addictive ingredient and also one of the most dangerous ingredients in cigarette tobacco. Cigarette smokers are addicted to the nicotine in cigarettes as a drug-addict is addicted to heroin or cocaine. When a person smokes a cigarette the body reacts immediately to the chemical nicotine. It requires less than 10 seconds for inhaled nicotine to reach the brain. Nicotine begins to effect a smoker’s blood pressure, the flow of blood from their heart, the heartbeat and breathing rate. Cigarette smoke also contains carbon monoxide, the same poisonous gases released from a car exhaust pipe. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless highly toxic gas that reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry. Combined with the effects produced by the nicotine, it creates an imbalance in the demand for oxygen by the cells and the amount of oxygen the blood is able to supply. In this case, carbonShow MoreRelatedThe Risks And Disadvantages Of Smoking1485 Words   |  6 PagesThere are too many people in society who decide to pick up smoking because it looks cool. They haven’t done any research as to the negative effects of such a habit. I’m here to provide them with all the information they need to make an informed decision. For my IB project I decided to do a presentation full of information about the risks and disadvantages of smoking. The information ranges from the cost of smoking, to the effects it can have on finding a significant other. The presentation i s brokenRead More The Health Risks of Smoking Essay658 Words   |  3 PagesThe Health Risks of Smoking Every year nearly one in every five US deaths are related to cigarette smoking, that means that every year 440,000 people alone die from cigarettes. Deaths caused by alcohol, car accidents, suicide, AIDS, homicide, and illegal drugs combined are actually less than the number of deaths caused by cigarette smoking. Being the grandchild of a grandpa who died of lung cancer from smoking, I know and understand what cigarette smoking can do. Tobacco smoke is a mixtureRead MoreShould Smoking Be A Health Risk?1819 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Paper Have people told you, smoking is bad for you or bad for the environment, but just left you there and did not explain why? Cigarettes have been a major problem ever since they were created and have caused harm to everywhere the wind takes it. The smoke from that cigarette can cause very bad damage to perSonal objects like walls or electronics over time. That little white stick of tobacco has caused billions of dollars in damage and health costs, which does not help the state sRead MoreSmoking Is The Risks To Teenagers Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesSmoking: The Risks to Teens Millions of Americans all over the world make the hasty decision to try their first cigarette before the legal age. Many kids think smoking looks like a cool and exciting new experience to try, but they do not realize how smoking takes a toll on not only the body, but everyone and everything around them. Unfortunately, the choice to smoke as teens impacts the rest of their life. Many adolescents start smoking before the legal age. In high school, teens feel like theyRead MoreThe Risk Factor Of Cigarette Smoking983 Words   |  4 Pages The extent of correlation concerning an individual conduct and wellbeing is daunting. I chose to address behavioral risk factor of cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of mortality that is responsible for nearly six million deaths worldwide and over 400,000 deaths annually in the United States (World Health Organization, 2011; Chandora, Whitney, Weaver, Eriksen, 2015). I reside in state of Georgia. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC,Read MoreHealth Risks of Smoking Essay678 Words   |  3 PagesHealth Risks of Smoking According to the American Cancer Society, one in five deaths in the United States is a result of tobacco use. This statistic translates into over 400,000 smoking related deaths in the United States each year. From these two statistics alone it is obvious that smoking is bad. It is an epidemic that has been plaguing the United States since early settlers began growing the â€Å"stinking weed.† Earlier in the century people weren’t aware of the effects of tobacco, but nowRead More The Health Risks of Smoking Cigarettes Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Risks of Smoking According to Global Smoking Statistics, 80,000 and 100,000 youths start smoking everyday. Smoking is everywhere, in shops, restaurants and malls. Smoking can be controlled if the right steps are taken. If you walked around downtown Fort Collins, the odds are good that you will encounter a smoker. The negative effects of smoking outweigh the positive effects of smoking yet people still do it. There are ways to quit that can make your life better if you smoke. Smoking goesRead MoreHealth Risks Between The Smoking Of Cigarettes And Hookahs1122 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose behind this paper is to analyze the major differences and health risks between the smoking of cigarettes and hookahs. There are a plethora of research documents regarding the similarities and differences between the hookah and conventional tobacco products such as cigars or cigarettes. This paper will simply display research regarding each of the previously mentioned smoking mediums, and strive to determine fact from perceived fact. The hookah (water pipe figure 1) originated inRead MoreThe Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking And Novel Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Disease704 Words   |  3 PagesRelationship Between Cigarette Smoking and Novel Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease In The United States In a study of the general population of the United States, over 17,000 individuals were examined on the relationship between cigarette smoking and the levels of homocysteine, fibrinogen, and serum C-reactive protein. Cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease have been linked and the topic has not been studied much. Cardiovascular disease was the cause of death in 40% of the United StatesRead MoreCigarette Smoking Among Adolescent Australians And The Risks That Come Along With It1808 Words   |  8 PagesIn this investigation I have explored cigarette smoking among adolescent Australians and the risks that come along with it. To help highlight the impacts and the consequences that can come later, I have acquired the latest statistics and data to raise the concerns that can come from the use of tobacco. With my findings I will display the key factors that often sway an adolescent into smoking cigarettes along with the impacts that cigarette smoking can have on friends, family, the community and finally

Epic Heroes The Characteristics Of Odysseus - 1105 Words

Excitement shot through Odysseus’s body when he finally reached the shores of Ithaca. He can’t stop thinking about his wife and kid, knowing that they have been mourning his return. Odysseus’s relatives will be very proud of him because he a hero. An epic hero is an ancient mythological character that endeavors quests, and gets admired by his people from the great achievements. Commonly, epic heroes would share similar characteristics which define them as one. Characteristics of epic heroes can be compared between different famous epics. Odysseus fits the criteria of an epic hero because he embodies the cultural values of perseverance, courage, and being loyal to his family and crew. Initially, Odysseus undergoes tasks, but perseveres†¦show more content†¦Subsequently, Odysseus uses his courage because he undergoes many dangerous obstacles that could easily kill him and his crew. One of the islands Odysseus explores contains a cyclops who lives in a cave. Odysseus unknowingly travels into the cave of the cyclops. Everyone started panicking, but Odysseus knows that being calm will reduce the risk of getting eaten by the cyclops. Later in his adventure, Odysseus recalls the cyclops conflict so that his crew would feel like, â€Å"This is no greater evil now than it was when the cyclops had us cooped in his hollow cave by force and violence, but even there, by my courage and counsel and my intelligence, we escaped away† (XII, 208-213). The crew are in another dangerous situation and are nervous, but odysseus explains to them that the amount of courage used to escape the cave will allow them to complete the new challenge. By escaping the cyclops cave and telling the crew about how much they can accomplish, Odysseus becomes an even greater epic hero. Next, the Sirens are dangerous creatures that lure incoming sailors onto their shores, ultimately crashing their ships. The Sirens lure sailors buy singing and making voices. Odysseus being Odysseus, wants to hear the song, but without getting lured in. On the boat, the crew, â€Å"...tied me hand and foot onto the ship, so i stood upright hard against the mast. They lashed the rope ends to the mast as well, then sat and struck the gray sea with their oars† (XII,Show MoreRelatedEpic Passages of The Epic of Gilgamesh and Homers Odyssey921 Words   |  4 Pageshero? In the two epic passages The Epic of Gilgamesh and Homers Odyssey, heroism appears to be a clear distinction with the literature, and has the same basic framework as today’s definition of a hero. Historically, in the texts, heroes such as Gilgamesh and Odysseus are protagonists viewed and credited with great bravery and most certainly heroism. Nearly all of the heroic figures throughout time, both fictitious and living and are viewed as a protagonist in their own epic challenge or struggleRead MoreHero Comparison Essay: Odysseus vs Gandhi1619 Words   |  7 Pages(Merriam-Webster). There are two types of heroes, epic heroes and modern heroes. Odysseus, one of the most famous epic heroes ever, will be compared to Mahatma Gandhi, a modern day hero, to see if there really is a large gap separating the two types. However, one thing is certain, modern heroes can be identical to epic heroes if they are larger than life, embody the ideals of their culture, embark on a perilous journey, and possess super-human, prominent characteristics. Epic heroes are always larger than life;Read MoreOdysseus the Epic by Homer1019 Words   |  5 Pagesdivulge the grand adventures of epic heroes. An epic hero is someone with abundant importance whose actions involve perilous journeys and marvelous warrior skills in war or battle (Abram). In Homer’s Odyssey, Odysseus, the king of the great island of Ithaca, is called to fight alongside the Greeks in the Trojan War. The Greeks defeated the Trojans with the help of clever Odysseus’ Trojan horse. Odysseus qualifies as an epic hero because, like all epic heroes, Odysseus undertakes a long, dangerous journeyRead MoreAchilles and Odyssey Compare and Contrast Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesLarger-Than-Life Heroes: Achilles and Odysseus What are the main characteristics of a larger-than-life epic hero? An epic hero is a brave and powerful warrior who is motivated to fight both internal and external conflicts to achieve glory and ranks above a normal man. In Homer’s epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, Achilles and Odysseus are the well-known heroes. Achilles fights Hektor outside the walls of Troy because Hektor killed his best friend, Patroclus. After fighting in the TrojanRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh And Odyssey Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesmisogyny into stone. There are some exceptional cases in the famous epic poems, the Epic of Gilgamesh of the Sumerians and Akkadians and the Odyssey from Homer of the Greeks. We all can agree that these epic poems or at most the authors did not view women with our modern perspective – equality among gender. However, we cannot deny that female characters helped set the path of the epic heroes’ journey to their goals. In these epi c poems, women are portrayed as figures and themes of knowledge, motherhoodRead MoreOdysseus As The Epic Hero In Homers Odyssey1019 Words   |  5 PagesOdysseus as the Epic Hero in Homer’s The Odyssey A style of work often explored in Greek literature is that of the epic. An expansive poem of a wide scope centered on and regarding the wondrous deeds of the main, heroic figure, on whose actions depend the fate of a nation. The definition of an epic can be used to describe The Odyssey by Homer. In The Odyssey we are introduced to our main character, Odysseus, the former king of Ithaca and a Trojan war hero who has been trapped on an Island by theRead More Odysseus: A Hero Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesOdysseus: A Hero Heroism was not an invention of the Greeks. Yet, through the first hundreds years of their civilization, the Greek literature has already given birth to highly polished and complex long epics that revolved around heroes. These literature works gave many possibilities of definition of heroism. The Greeks illustrated heroism to obey the rules laid down by the gods and goddesses, and those who obey the rules would gain honor and fame. The Greeks regarded intelligence as oneRead MoreEpic Heroes : The Ideal Hero873 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history, epic heroes have defined the ideal characteristics of a society. Beowulf and Aenus are perfect examples of the ideal hero created from the mind of a creator, for the purpose of defining a society. Most epic heroes share certain character traits such as bravery, courage, determination, hubris or intelligence. It has been noted that sometimes epic heroes appear to simply be lucky or helped along by the gods and rely less on their own abilities. However, there are some heroes who are helpedRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer829 Words   |  4 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer tells the story of a Greek warrior named Odysseus, who faces challenges placed upon him by the supernatural, or more specifically, the Greek gods and monsters. His journey begins while sailing home from Troy, where Odysseus had won the Trojan war for the Greeks. Odysseus’ ship is forced to dock on many islands, most of which have hostile environments. Odysseus serves as the model for an epic hero, a fictional character who possesses many traits admirable to his or her societyRead MoreSimilarities Between Achilles And Odysseus1110 Words   |  5 PagesAchilles and Odysseus in Homer’s, Iliad and Odyssey) Humanity has always strived for greatness, and is destined to continue this attempt till the world stops spinning. Through the art of storytelling, and literature, we have weaved images of what the ideal human should be. Countless works of literature depict such humans as â€Å"heroes†, due to the inspiration they stir within our imperfect souls. Truly epic heroes shape future stories, and remain influential despite the weathering of time. Two heroes of epic

Participation In Information Systems Risk â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Participation In Information Systems Security Risk? Answer: Introducation Revenue Cycle comprises various activities in a period of Sales, Trade Receivables, Working Capital, Stock and General Ledger. The functions performed in completing a cycle is procuring and write the orders of customers and note the cost of the goods sold. Management of the company has a good idea from this cycle is how to make revenue by performing these functions. Bad and Hasty decisions taken by the management: Internal controls of the company are made by the management of the company and when making the internal controls management has to identify the areas prone to the risk and identify its nature but in the case of Motherboards and More Pty Ltd made Internal controls in a hurried manner and it is not successfully implemented all over the company. Collaboration between the employees and staff: The employees and staff of the colluded against the policies of the company and it affects the internal controls system of the company. Inadequate performance of internal controls: The internal controls of the Motherboards and more are implemented in the company is very quick and because of that it is not implemented all over the company and the performance of internal control is really bad (Hammersley, et. al., 2008). Internal controls are made with the objective of analyzing the performance of an entity whether the functions performed by the management and employees are done with effectiveness and efficiency. Internal controls are made to check the compliance with necessary laws and regulations and they also work for the safeguarding of companys assets. The financial performance of the company affects when weakness presents in the internal control system of the company. And when the wrong information is provided the assumptions made by the company and policies framed by the company are also affected (Ashbaugh?Skaife, et. al., 2009). When Internal controls of the company are unable to find the problems in the organizations internal environment, then the conspiracy against the company increases, employees of the company made fraud against the company, the records of the company and financial information of the company is falsified. Conduct Detailed Fraud Risk Assessment: If the management of the company makes a detailed assessment of risk related to fraud then the chances of manipulation of records can be decreased. Appropriate Training to Employees: Give appropriate training to the employees and conduct various training programs and encourage the employees to take part in these programs which will help the entity in long run. C. Install Mechanical Devices: Mechanical Devices help the company in finding any suspicious activity conducted by the employees or management against the entity. These types of devices keep the members of staff in check and they work with the ethics (Spears Barki, 2010). Segregate Accounting Duties: Accounting work of the company will be segregated between the many persons and not give the entire accounting work to one person. Require Employees to take Vacation: Give necessary leaves to the employees and encourage them to go on vacation because of this they will feel motivated and not go against the company. Financial Statements checked by the Third Party: The financial statements made by the company will be reviewed by the third party outside the company like Audit team. Increase Oversight: various techniques and tools used by the management to increase the oversight of its employees like placing a camera in the workplaces. These Changes in Internal control will help the company in forgeable future and it also strengthens the internal control system and they will work with efficiency and effectiveness. The WannaCry Ransomware attack was happened in the year 2017 in the month of May by the Wannacry ransomware cryptoworm, WannaCry is Ransomware is made to advance quickly into the computers working on the same network and this worm encrypted the files in the computer by using a powerful encryption which is hard to crack and demand a huge amount in exchange of decrypting the encrypted files. It moves very quickly on the computers working under the Microsoft Windows operating system that does not have a required security patch. And it spread quickly on the computers which are not updated or they dont have the security patch (Luo Liao, 2007). They demand payment in the form of Bitcoin which is untraceable. It affects at least 100,000 organizations in 150 Countries. Internal controls which can be implemented by the management of the Motherboards and More Pty Ltd to protect the company from the threats of Potential ransomware attacks are as follows: Stay Updated: the management of the company has to remain up to date against the hacking threats posed by the hackers because if you have at least a piece of knowing what will happen from these attacks then there is a chance you might protect the data of the company. Conduct Regular data backups: The financial data of the company defines the financial performance of the company and regular backup of this data is made by the IT Department of the company and it should be stored offline (Brewer, 2016). Toughen up access control: The access control of the company should be changed time to time and passwords should not be easily guessed. Update Everything: Every system in the company remains up to date and all the software and firewall in the systems is to keep updated because hackers targeted that system first which is not updated and dont have required security patch (Mercaldo, et. al., 2016). Install Security Applications: various Security applications are available in the market to protect the data of the users and these types of applications should be installed in all the system which will make hard for the hackers to hack the systems of the company (Kharraz, et. al., 2015). Limit File Uploads: File uploading is a major concern because various threats come from the uploading the files to protect the data of the company limited files should be updated and firewall of the company should be updated. References Ashbaugh?Skaife, H., Collins, D. W., Lafond, R. (2009). The effect of SOX internal control deficiencies on firm risk and cost of equity.Journal of Accounting Research,47(1), 1-43. Brewer, R. (2016). Ransomware attacks: detection, prevention and cure.Network Security,2016(9), 5-9. Hammersley, J. S., Myers, L. A., Shakespeare, C. (2008). Market reactions to the disclosure of internal control weaknesses and to the characteristics of those weaknesses under Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.Review of Accounting Studies,13(1), 141-165. Kharraz, A., Robertson, W., Balzarotti, D., Bilge, L., Kirda, E. (2015). Cutting the gordian knot: A look under the hood of ransomware attacks. InInternational Conference on Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment(pp. 3-24). Springer, Cham. Luo, X., Liao, Q. (2007). Awareness education as the key to ransomware prevention.Information Systems Security,16(4), 195-202. Mercaldo, F., Nardone, V., Santone, A., Visaggio, C. A. (2016, June). Ransomware steals your phone. formal methods rescue it. InInternational Conference on Formal Techniques for Distributed Objects, Components, and Systems(pp. 212-221). Springer, Cham. Spears, J. L., Barki, H. (2010). User participation in information systems security risk management.MIS quarterly, 503-522.

Year Round Schooling Essay Example

Year Round Schooling Essay How is Year Round Schooling Beneficial? Literature Review Charles Casey Year round schooling has been present in society since the early 1800’s as well as the debates of its benefits. Year round schooling allows children to attend in a staggered schedule with no long breaks. It is said children who attend year round schools have better retention rates and teachers are able to better execute their curriculums. Year round schooling offers more curricular activities to lower income families thus allowing them to have a better educational experience. The following literature reviews are of articles that support year round schooling and it’s benefits to both children and teachers. Tracy Huebner, Senior Research Associate at WestEd, was the Principal Investigator for the California Academic Partnership Programs Expository Literacy Grant Evaluation. She is in charge of research and evaluation efforts that focus on organizational and instructional change in every level of the education system. Aside from just research Huebner also focuses on how to share as well as develop knowledge throughout the education community. Huebner wrote an article on the effectiveness of year-round schooling to address the problem of summer learning loss. The article brings light to the reality of the problem, especially for economically disadvantaged students. Studies show the disadvantage students’ gain as much as others during the school year. Unfortunately they also experience more loss during the summer. While, the research is inconclusive on if year-round schooling addresses the problem completely, it does show some improvements for students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. We will write a custom essay sample on Year Round Schooling specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Year Round Schooling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Year Round Schooling specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It also shows positive experiences for their families. I chose this article because of Tracy Huebner ‘s educational background. I have read a other articles she has written and her knowledge of the educational system is extensive . Mike Wilder a writer for Times News in Burlington North Carolina covered a research on year-round schooling in the Alamance-Burlington School System. North Graham Elementary School was one of the schools that had operated on a year-round schedule since 2000. Eight years later, Eastlawn and Haw River elementary schools began operating on the same schedule. Greg Holland, principal at North Graham Elementary, states Theres no question that student achievement has increased as a result of the year-round calendar, he said, but its also not a magic bullet. [Greg Holland] said a shorter summer break means theres less time for students to forget what they learned during the previous academic year†. In the article Holland also discusses the waiting list of students who want to get tutoring during the breaks. North Graham Elemantry School, along with other schools in the Alamance-Burlington system, conduct tests to determine how well students are learning material. The results of these tests help identify which students are recommended to get help during the breaks. Children attending the year-round schooling program are also given opportunities to explore other interests. While Wilder does not have educational background his article on this research of an actually school district and the way it is presented provide beneficial information on this topic. For my final reference I chose a study done on a mid-western school system. The report was done by Barbara K. Ramos, Ph. D. (2004) Associate Professor of Education Chair of the Department of Education at Simpson College in Indianola, IA. This study takes a look at a mid-west elementary school transitioning from a school-within-a-school calendar. The school had offered both year-round and traditional calendars, to a year-round only calendar. Using focus groups and surveys assessed the acceptance of teachers and families with the transition, as well as factors they had to consider with the transition . Both teachers and families for the most part had positive reactions to the transition. Some teachers and families initially had a negative reaction to the transition. However after adapting to the transition their opinion became more positive both during and after. There was a significant difference in the satisfaction level by calendar for all five questions asked of parents. Teachers were 100% satisfied with the change from a traditional calendar year. The results of this study were very similar to previous studies done. Generally, both teachers and families were satisfied with the transition to a year-round calendar. Families and teachers who had experienced year-round schooling previously were even more satisfied during and after the transition. With the information from this report it will help to show solid findings on the positives of year-round schooling through statistics rather than just opinions.

Joint Forest Management-a Review free essay sample

Joint Forest Management Joint Forest Management  often abbreviated as  JFM  is the official and popular term in  India  for partnerships in  forest  management  involving both the state forest departments and local communities. Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme in the present form can be traced to the Arabari experiment initiated by foresters in the state of West Bengal. This experiment provided a strong feedback for incorporation of the system in the National Forest Policy of 1988. In many locations people’s voluntary groups were engaged in protection of forests without any initiative from the Government. Subsequently, based on the experience, the process of institutionalizing people’s participation in forest protection and regeneration began. This type of collective endeavour in protection and management of forests through people’s involvement was later termed as Joint Forest Management. The objectives of JFM 1. To elicit active participation of villagers in (a) creation (b) management and (c)  protection of plantations; 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Joint Forest Management-a Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To achieve ecological needs consonant with sustainable productivity of wood and other  non-timber forest resources ; 3. To wean away the land owning communities from shifting cultivation by adopting an  alternative i. . Tree Farming ; 4. To productively utilise the degraded jhumland thereby checking soil erosion; 5. To conserve Biodiversity through people’s action ; 6. To create and generate forest –based economy for the villagers  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Merits of JFM †¢ Fuel wood in the form of dry and fallen twigs and leaves from the forests is now available to participating communities. The proportion of the harvest that goes to the communities share varies across States. †¢ Some States like Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab have banned grazing completely, other States have allowed for rotational grazing. These practices have helped the regeneration and survival of vegetation in forests, and in increasing supply of fodder grasses. †¢ All NTFP, barring few nationalized products, are now available to the people free of royalty in all states. People have a right to collect even the nationalized products like Kendu leaves, Sal seeds etc. †¢ VFCs are also entitled to a share in the timber harvest in varying proportions. There are provisions for contribution to Village Development Fund from a portion from people’s share from final harvest proceedings. There has been a significant shift in the labour utilization patterns in communities across various States owing to the increased supply of fodder and fuelwood, this is more significant with respect to women. †¢ At the state level there are Corporations such as Forest Development Corporations, Forest Industries Development Corporations, etc for marketing of specific forest products and apex agencies like Marketing Federat ions such as Tribal Marketing Federation of India, which organise the marketing of forest products. There are co-operatives of the forest gatherers such as Girijan Co-operative Societies as in Andhra Pradesh. †¢ In case of timber marketing, provisions in the JFM resolutions and government regulations require the VFCs to take permission from FD for felling and transport of timber and thus, they are unable to get involved in timber marketing. †¢ On an average, 40% of the sites across the four study states showed improvements in the regeneration status owing to protection against biotic pressure, fires and illicit felling; another 20% are showing positive trends. On an average high plant densities were observed in regeneration class at 70% sites and remaining sites had high plant densities in recruitment class. JFM sites that were provided better protection and where the institutions were strong had maximum augmentation of volume and density per hectare in the lowest class owing to better regeneration. †¢ In order to provide incentives to communities for economic returns to sustain forest protection and management efforts, different states are adopting practices for augmenting supply of NTFPs. Improved agriculture is being promoted with the creation of irrigation infrastructure in many states. Status of JFM Programme Government of India on June 1, 1990 issued guidelines to the state governments for involving local communities in the protection and development of the degraded forests. Based on this,the JFM programme has now been widely adopted in twenty two states of the country. These states are Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. As per information received by the Ministry from the various State Governments as on 1. 1. 2000, there are 36130 JFM Committees managing 10,248,586. 41 ha. of forests under the JFM programme in these 22 states of the country. The primary objective of JFM is to provide a visible role to the local communities in planning, management and protection of forests and to give them a share in the benefits from these forests. On operational parameters, JFM is a concept of developing partnership between forest department and fringe forest user groups on the basis of jointly defined roles and responsibilities. JFM in India is gradually emerging as a powerful tool of sustainable forestry. It recognises the livelihood and sustenance needs of the people through the principle of ‘care and share’. The concept of JFM has been interpretted in various ways but the basic element in this concept is to establish grass-root community based institutions for protection and management of the forests. The programme aims at empowering local people for their active participation as partner in the management of forest resources and sharing the benefits derived from its protection and management. The JFM approach optimises the returns, minimises conflicts and links the forestry development works with over all development of the land based resources. It also aims at acquiring technical and managerial capability available at the grassroot level.

California has one of the most diverse societies of the world Essays

California has one of the most diverse societies of the world Essays California has one of the most diverse societies of the world Essay California has one of the most diverse societies of the world Essay Essay Topic: Back in the World Stories Chinatown A great number of ethically different groups are united in its diverse society which is still becoming even more diverse. It is even possible that in future the state wont have a majority ethnic group. For centuries people were arriving here from all over the world: European settlers, Gold Rush, Chinese immigrants in the nineteenth century. Japanese, Mexican, and Asian American groups enriched the states heritage after the immigration law was reformed in 1965. Nowadays Los Angeles and San Francisco metropolitan areas are the primary centres of new immigration.And all these people, people with different backgrounds, different motherlands, different religions, beliefs, moralities and traditions created a great country we call America, and a unique state in it California. Through the years people like me, people who came here from other world countries were actually creating a new culture, a mix of cultures of the whole earth. People define themselves through the culture associated wit h their country. A culture is an important piece of identity for each person of the world. With diverse cultures throughout the world, peoples lifestyles vary greatly. America is a unique combination of people because it has a mixture of everyones culture joined as the American culture.Families like mine who came to America in the beginning of the twentieth century did so not because they didnt love their motherland or didnt want to live there. The reason was different: they knew their future in influenced by communistic ideas China would not be so free and bright. From my parents and relatives I have heard stories about the past and the present of China, about its good and bad sides. Sometimes its difficult to understand why they left their homes, their friends and everything they had. At some moments I feel I belong there, to the country where my ancestors lived, to China which we simply left instead of living, working and fighting for its prosperity and well-being. Sometimes I fe el we are traitors who just let it go and ran away to look for a place where it is easier to survive and live. But having thought more about it I realized that America was a dream. I understood that It wasnt an easy step, however, to leave China. People clearly understood that life in America was going to be a battle for survival. America didnt want our immigrant ancestors. They had to live in cellars and shanties because of poverty and because for some reason they were considered bad for the neighbourhood. These living conditions bred sickness and early death. Their brogue and dress provoked ridicule; their poverty and illiteracy provoked scorn.Actually the Chinese people came when California needed people to work. The country was growing and it needed men able to do all the heavy work of building bridges, canals, and railroads. It was hard and dangerous work but desperation drove foreigners to these jobs.Not only men worked, but women too. They worked as chamber maids, cooks, and children caretakers. Early Americans disdained this type of work, fit only for servants.But not only the Chinese were coming to California. Many people in California came from Mexico or other parts of Latin America, some are from Asian nations. For example, there was time when Mexican workers passed freely over the border each season to work in the Southwest of the state.Today illegal Mexican workers live in a fear being deported and dont seek social services (the only exceptions are emergency medical care and primary education). Its no coincidence that California recently passed a law requiring medical care providers and schools to deny services to illegal immigrants those are the only two social services they use (in spite of the contributions they make to the economy), because those 2 are the only ones theyre willing to risk deportation to use. Justice prevailed a federal court declared the law unconstitutional. (Vernellia R.)Surely, it is sad and you may form a negative opinio n about the state, but do not be too quick, for there is an enormous number of wonderful things, places and opportunities the state may offer to everyone. Californias attraction to immigrants is nothing new. Indeed, the first settlers to join the American Indians in California came not from Western Europe or the United States but from Mexico and Russia. The legacy of these and later immigrants is reflected in the Spanish missions and place names that abound throughout the state, in the Chinatowns and Little Tokyos that have long existed in the states major cities, in the origins of the wineries that spawned one of the states major industries, and in a tradition of farm labourers who have harvested the states abundant agricultural products. Indeed, if the United States can be described as a nation of immigrants, this statement is even more descriptive of California. (McCarthy ; Vernez)Nowadays our state is a mix of many cultures and each of us has some impact on the states developmen t. Personally I am thankful to this majestic land for everything it gave to me, for its freedoms, for our rights and opportunities. I have a great number of them to choose from: I can study at good colleges, I can get a good work, I have freedoms which the country and the state are presenting to me. And I am thankful even for an opportunity to live here and be a part of this nation.Sometimes I remember and think about all those people who many years or even centuries ago came to this land and created California as a state. They have done a great job. Today the state is one of the American cultural, economic, sports, business and political centres. Besides, I admire its rich and varied geography from Central Valley to Sierra Nevada, from Cascade Range to Tehachapi Mountains.In our state one can freely choose the religion he prefers to follow and have a plenty of opportunities to show ones talents working at Hollywood, for example. It is actually one of the many places of interest Ca lifornia may offer to visit to curious tourists. And not only to tourists: I also with pleasure visit the beautiful cities. Los Angeles, San Francisco, Long Beach They all are different and unique, each has its character, each attracts differently, but there would be no California without such places and, of course, without people living here.The states economy is one of the seven largest economies in the USA and it still continues to benefit from immigration. However, the magnitude of current flows and the disproportionate share of poorly educated immigrants combined with ongoing changes in the states economy have increased the costs of immigration to the states public sector and to some native-born workers. The state faces a growing challenge as it attempts to integrate these new immigrants while also trying to promote the welfare of the state and all its residents.Surely, California had many problems connected with new people coming to the state, but this has many good sides as well. People like me, people from all over the world came here, created and shaped the state and its culture, became Americans. We all are of different origins; we used to speak different languages. Each of us has own unique and complicated story and reasons which lead us here. What is in my opinion great about this state is that here we are not Chinese or Russian, Mexican or Iris, here we are Americans. And we should always remember that all of us are very different, but we should respect and understand it, for today we are a one united nation.

Writing assignment reports Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Writing assignment reports - Research Paper Example Changes that have been characteristic of the jet engine will also be highlighted, owing to the dynamism of technology over time. Another thing that this report will try to assert is the suitability of the engine in its use, considering its efficiency, cost of use and operation. The consideration of the specific parts of the jet engine is the basis through which the required study can be done in order to ascertain what this report is all about. A jet engine is one interesting machine to study and compute a report on. Air is sucked into the front of the engine by a fan. From there, air’s pressure is heightened by the use of a compressor. This is achieved by the presence of blades within the compressor. The blades found in the compressor are responsible for the increased air pressure within the compressor. After compression has taken place, fuel is introduced in the chamber, and an electric spark used to ignite the mixture. Burning of the mixture consequently makes the constituent gases expand. The blazing mixture blasts out of this chamber through a nozzle that is found at the rear part of the engine. The blasts of gas at the rear of the engine triggers forward move of the aircraft (Klaus 108). All the chambers identified in this discussion are connec ted and given below as an example of the jet engine. The operation ability of the jet engine is purely based on the equal and opposite concept of reaction by Isaac Newton. This is what Isaac Newton referred to as thrust. Gases released through the exhaust after combustion of fuel and the compressed air further finds another role in the process of being emitted. A propeller that is an attachment of the turbine shaft is rotated by the gases for the purposes of fuel consumption saving when the aircraft is at low altitudes. A jet engine is light in weight and also powerful in terms of its propelling force. It is also preferred for